臺灣半導體產業由 0 到 1 的風城奇蹟
From 0 to 1: The Miracle of the Semiconductor Industry in Hsinchu
史欽泰 1 Chin-Tay Shihi
摘要 Abstract
半導體產業於臺灣，除了有被稱為護國神山的台積電，新竹東區亦是全世界所關注的高科技之地，然而很少人知道這項產業過去的發展，其實與自然條件、政治動機以及社會氛圍有深厚的聯結。新竹現代科學發展的軌跡可追溯至日治、二戰與臺灣戰後的時期。當時日本發動太平洋戰爭，為了取得油田而有南進政策，以戰養戰使得其殖民主義快速擴張。日本現代科學作為軍需工業發展的基礎，便成為當時重要的發展目標，也為當時作為殖民地的臺灣打下了後來的高科技地基。當今半導體不僅是臺灣高科技產業代表，臺灣半導體產業同時也在全球科技發展中扮演舉足輕重的角色。而新竹科學園區與半導體產業的關係為何？工研院作為臺灣高科技產業的創新引擎，是如何推動臺灣科技發展的？而這些科技發展與六燃又有何淵源，是本文所要梳理的重點。
In terms of the semiconductor industry in Taiwan, the East District of Hsinchu City is a high-tech stronghold that draws global attention in addition to the world’s most valuable semiconductor foundry—TSMC. Nonetheless, it is rarely known to anyone that the development of the semiconductor industry here is profoundly connected with the natural conditions, political motives, and social milieus in different periods of time. The development of modern science in Hsinchu can be traced back to the Japanese colonial period, the Second World War, and the post-war era. When the Empire of Japan waged the Pacific War, it formulated the Southern Expansion Doctrine to seize oil fields, and its colonial ambition expanded rapidly as well via bellum se ipsum alet. Japanese modern science, as the basis for the development of the munitions industry, not only became a priority of development at that time, but also laid the foundation for high technology in Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule later on. Nowadays, semiconductor is emblematic of the high-tech industries in Taiwan. It also plays a crucial role in the global technological advancement. How is the Hsinchu Science Park related to the semiconductor industry ? How does the Industrial Technology Research Institute, as the innovative propulsion of Taiwanese high-tech industries, promote the technological development in Taiwan? How is the technological development related to the former Imperial Japanese Navy’s Sixth Fuel Factory? These are the questions that this article seeks to address.
關鍵詞：六燃、工研院、半導體、高科技產業、新竹科學園區
Keywords: The Sixth Fuel Factory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Semiconductor, High-Tech
Industry, Hsinchu Science Park
1. 前工研院院長，現任清華大學科技管理學院講座教授，工業技術研究院特別顧問。
i. Former President of the Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chair Professor of the College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University Special Advisor to the Industrial Technology Research Institute.