日本海軍第六燃料廠對新竹與高雄兩個城市戰後七十五年之變遷影響
The Influence of the Former Imperial Japanese Navy’s Sixth Fuel Factory on the Development of Hsinchu and Kaohsiung over the Past 75 Years in the Post-war Era
趙家麟 1、林冠吟 2、 梁信鈞 3 Chia-Lin Tsaoi, Guan-Yin Linii, Hsin-Jun Liangiii
摘要 Abstract
世界上有些城市，曾經因為特殊的地理位置或天然資源，在戰爭期間引來重要的軍事工業建設。戰後這些遺存的工業設施與基礎建設，可能會對城市往後的發展造成不同程度的影響。二次世界大戰期間，日本海軍因為能源短缺，在臺灣設立第六燃料廠 ( 六燃 )。高雄與新竹兩個城市，前者因為靠近南洋並具備天然良港，後者因為富藏天然瓦斯，成為日本海軍選擇作為第六燃料廠建設的主因，這兩個城市也因為設立六燃和緊鄰的軍事基地 ( 軍港與機場 )，遭受到最多的轟炸，是二戰期間全臺落彈量前兩名的城市。本文從時代背景、地理條件、時空變遷來探究戰爭結束七十五年期間，這兩個城市如何在實質空間紋理與產業發展兩個面向受到二戰工業建設六燃廠的影響，也梳理新竹與高雄，日後分別成為臺灣高科技城市與石化重鎮的歷史脈絡。
Some cities in the world used to attract major military industrial constructions in times of war for their geostrategic locations or natural resources. After the end of war, the relics of these industrial facilities and infrastructure may cause different degrees of influence on the development of cities. During the Second World War, the Imperial Japanese Navy established the Sixth Fuel Factory in Taiwan due to fuel shortage. Kaohsiung and Hsinchu accommodated the branches of the Sixth Fuel Factory mainly because the former was a natural port close to Southeast Asia and the latter had great natural gas reserves. Among all the cities in Taiwan, Kaohsiung and Hsinchu had therefore experienced the heaviest bombardment during the war owing to the branches of the Sixth Fuel Factory and the adjacent military bases (incl. naval port and airport). From the aspects of historical background, geographical context, and spatial-temporal transition, this article seeks not only to investigate how the Sixth Fuel Factory has influenced the two cities over the past 75 years in the post-war era in terms of spatial texture and industrial development, but also to collate the historical context within which Hsinchu and Kaohsiung have respectively become a city of strategic high technology and a stronghold of petrochemical industry in Taiwan.
關鍵詞：二次世界大戰、日本海軍第六燃料廠、新竹、高雄、異辛烷、城市變遷
Keywords: World War II, former Imperial Japanese Navy’s Sixth Fuel Factory, Hsinchu, Kaohsiung, isooctane, urban transformation
1. 中原大學設計學院院長。
2. 中原大學地景建築系碩士。
3. 中原大學地景建築系研究生。
i. Dean of the School of Design, Chung Yuan Christian University.
ii. MA, Department of Landscape Architecture, Chung Yuan Christian University.
iii. Graduate Student, Department of Landscape Architecture, Chung Yuan Christian University.